Nutrition Basics: What Is Potassium?

Potassium is an important mineral found naturally in many foods. What does potassium do for the body? It helps keep your heartbeat regular and your muscles and nerves working well. When you’re living with CKD, kidneys have trouble keeping your potassium level balanced, which could put your health at risk.

Too much OR too little potassium could cause:

Tingling and numbness in your toes and fingers
Muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue
Nausea and/or vomiting
Irregular heartbeat or palpitations

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

Know Your Potassium - Ask your care team about your target potassium level.

How much potassium per day is right for me?

A healthy range for your potassium level is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L if you’re living with a CKD and 3.5-5.5 mEq/L if you have ESRD. If your potassium level is too high or too low, your care team can help you choose the best fruits and vegetables in the right amount to maintain a healthy potassium balance. Some example are listed below.

LOW POTASSIUM FOODS INCLUDE:

Apple
Blueberries
Strawberries
Raspberries
Cherries
Grapes

Pear
Pineapple
Tangerines
Plums
Cabbage
Carrots

Broccoli
Green Beans
Cucumbers
Eggplant
Lettuce
Greens
Spinach (raw)

Okra
Peppers
Radish
Yellow Squash
Turnips
Water Chestnuts (canned)

Fruits: 1 small piece or 1/2 cup. Choose fresh, canned, or frozen fruits. If dried, only 1/4 cup.
Vegetables: 1/2 cup fresh or cooked or 1 cup raw leafy

LEARN MORE ABOUT LOW POTASSIUM FOODS HERE

HIGH POTASSIUM FOODS INCLUDE:

White Potatoes
Sweet Potatoes
Tomato products
Avocados

Spinach (cooked)
Orange juice
Bananas
Fresh melons

Raisins
Dried apricots
Beets

Nectarines
Papaya
Salt substitutes*

Fruits: 1 small piece or 1/2 cup. Choose fresh, canned, or frozen fruits. If dried, only 1/4 cup.
Vegetables: 1/2 cup fresh or cooked or 1 cup raw leafy

*Salt substitutes contain potassium chloride and therefore are high in potassium.

LEARN MORE ABOUT HIGH POTASSIUM FOODS HERE

What causes high potassium?

Healthy kidneys help regulate potassium levels. In early stage CKD, your potassium level may stay normal. In later-stage CKD, as kidneys lose function, your potassium level may get too high—or too low. If your potassium level is too high, work with your dietitian and your care team to get it back into your target potassium range. It’s important to address a high potassium level immediately, since it puts your health at serious risk.

Find out how to lower potassium levels

Here are some tips for lowering potassium in your diet:

Try salt-free and potassium-free herbs and spices—avoid “salt substitutes” that contain potassium chloride.
Check ingredient lists for added potassium—especially in processed foods labeled “low sodium” or “reduced sodium.”
If you’re on dialysis, complete all of your treatments exactly as prescribed—to help maintain the target potassium level.
Talk to your care team if you have any digestive issues, high blood sugar or are taking any herbal and/or vitamin supplements—these may affect your potassium level.

TRY THIS SIMPLE METHOD FOR LOWERING POTASSIUM IN POTATOES

Double-boiling potatoes—white or sweet (yams)—removes some potassium for a delicious, healthier side dish. Peel potatoes, then slice or dice into small pieces. Place potatoes in a pot with large amount of water and bring to a boil. Drain, refill with a large amount of fresh water and boil potatoes a second time until soft and tender.